For years, the internet has been obsessed with the idea that all men can be classified into two rigid categories: alpha males, who are dominant and assertive, and beta males, who are passive and submissive.
These labels have shaped conversations on masculinity, dating, and even career success.
But what if this framework is entirely flawed?
A major study from the University of British Columbia (UBC) has shattered this outdated perspective.
Instead of two oversimplified labels, researchers identified three distinct types of men, each with unique traits, challenges, and advantages.
This new classification sheds light on how masculinity operates in modern relationships and mental health.
If you’ve ever wondered where you—or the men in your life—fit in this evolving landscape, this study offers some surprising insights.
The Study That Redefined Masculinity
UBC researchers conducted an in-depth study involving 92 heterosexual men between the ages of 19 and 43.
Unlike past research that relied on stereotypes, this study focused on real-life relationship experiences and their impact on mental well-being.
The researchers sought to uncover how men define masculinity in their personal lives—and how these definitions influence their happiness and connection with others.
The study, led by Dr. John Oliffe, found that men generally fall into one of three categories:
- Neo-Traditionalist – Men who embrace traditional roles as providers and protectors.
- Egalitarian – Men who strive for equal partnerships and shared responsibilities.
- Progressive – Men who actively engage in conversations about gender equity and social justice.
Each type comes with distinct relationship dynamics, benefits, and potential challenges.
Let’s dive deeper into each category.
The Three Types of Men, Explained
The Protector and Provider
Neo-traditionalist men adhere to traditional gender roles.
They see themselves as protectors and breadwinners, often placing a high value on providing for their partners and families.
Their relationships tend to follow well-established norms, where they take the lead in decision-making and offer stability.
Strengths:
- Strong sense of responsibility
- Stability and reliability in relationships
- Clear understanding of their role in the household
Challenges:
- Can struggle with emotional vulnerability
- May find it difficult to accept changing gender roles
- Higher risk of stress from self-imposed pressure to provide
The Balanced Partner
Egalitarian men believe in fairness and equality in relationships. They value mutual respect and shared responsibilities, aiming for a balanced dynamic where both partners contribute equally—whether in finances, housework, or emotional support.
Strengths:
- Promotes healthy communication
- More adaptable to modern relationship structures
- Lower stress levels compared to neo-traditionalists
Challenges:
- Some men still struggle to fully embrace gender equality in practice
- Societal expectations may pressure them to conform to more traditional roles
The Advocate for Gender Equity
Progressive men actively support gender equity and social justice in their relationships. They not only believe in fairness but also take initiative in challenging outdated norms and ensuring that both partners feel empowered.
Strengths:
- More open to discussing emotions and mental health
- Builds deeply fulfilling, collaborative relationships
- Greater personal satisfaction from advocating for equity
Challenges:
- Can face social backlash for challenging traditional masculinity
- May struggle with relationships if their partner holds more conventional views
: A Challenge to Common Beliefs
For decades, the idea of the “alpha male” has been glorified as the ideal version of masculinity. But this study suggests that masculinity is far more complex than a simple dominance hierarchy.
Contrary to popular belief, many men are moving away from dominance-based masculinity.
Men who reject traditional roles are not necessarily ‘weak’—in fact, they often experience higher relationship satisfaction and mental well-being.
Even traditional masculinity is evolving, with many ‘neo-traditionalists’ incorporating egalitarian values into their relationships.
These findings are particularly significant as younger generations continue to reshape gender roles in ways that previous studies never considered.
What This Means for the Future of Masculinity
Dr. Oliffe and his team hope their study will lead to more nuanced conversations about masculinity—ones that move past toxic alpha/beta narratives and towards healthier, more authentic male identities.
To share their findings, the UBC team even launched an interactive online photo exhibition, Men Building Intimate Partner Relationships, showcasing 120 photographs from the study participants.
Visitors can take a quiz to see which masculinity type resonates with them the most.
Where Do You Fit?
Masculinity is evolving, and this study proves that men are not confined to the outdated labels of the past.
Whether you see yourself as a neo-traditionalist, an egalitarian, or a progressive, understanding these categories can help you navigate relationships, mental health, and personal growth.
So, the next time someone tries to label men as simply ‘alpha’ or ‘beta,’ you’ll know the truth: the real story of masculinity is far more interesting.
